Releases, copyright and legal stuff:

If you want to advertise something, a business or product - you will need a talent or property release for any recognisable person or place. Check out Getty (or any stock powerhouse) or get a lawyer to draw one up for you.
If you are not trying to sell anything with the pic, if it is journalism  (ie blog post, article etc), then you don't need a release.
Keep yourself out of trouble by only photographing while physically on public property - unless you have permission.

Editing software:

Lightroom - I use
Photoshop - I use

Recommended by pros in Adelaide:
Picasa
Apple Photos
OnOne Perfect Effects 9
Intensity (through Apple Photos)
Lemke Software Graphic Converter
Affinity Photo
GIMP

Apps:

Manual, Wordswag, Canva, Slow Shutter, Tilt Shift, etc
Instagram does a great job. You can edit your phone pics or use a filter
Manual allows you to choose shutter speed, aperture, white balance, ISO and focus on your iPhone
VSCO - editing and fancying up your pics
Word Swag - add words and graphics to your pic. Great for an ad, quote or link to image
Slow shutter - get the movement blur you want
Tilt shift - get artsy with selective focus and selective pan blur. Focus can be in a circle or a line. Doesn't have to be a parallel focus of the camera, can be on a diagonal front to back or sky to ground.

Canva (website) - graphic design templates for nearly everything.

Other iPhone apps pros recommend: 

Snapseed, Camera +, PS Express, VSCO Cam, Pro Camera 7, Aviary, Tadaa SLR, TimerCam, Slow Camera, Touch Retouch, Pic Fx, ABM, Color Cap, Mextures, Insta Collage, Squaready

Social Media Tools: 

Iconosquare

HootSuite

Later (I use it)

IFTTT (posts to Twitter not link plus much more - I use it)

MeetEdgar

Schedugram